نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری ادبیات فارسی، مدرس مدعو گروه علمی زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه سراوان، سراوان، ایران.
2 نویسنده مسئول، دانشیار زبان و ادبیات فارسی، گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه سراوان، سراوان، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Objective: The present study aimed to explore Iranian women’s perspectives on patriarchy, their modes of protest against it, and their efforts to defend their rights. To this end, the feminist elements in Maʿāyib al-Rijāl (The Flaws of Men), a work by Bibi Khanum Astarabadi written in response to Taʾdīb al-Niswān (The Education of Women), were identified and analyzed. The study sought to answer the following central research question: Which feminist elements did Astarabadi employ to articulate women’s rights and challenge anti-woman beliefs?
Method: This study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method; thus, the theoretical foundations of feminism were first studied and documented; subsequently, through a reading of the book Ma'ayeb al-Rijal, feminist elements were extracted and analyzed based on the theoretical frameworks of both Islam and feminism.
Results: The findings indicate that Astarabadi employed certain elements aligned with feminism to articulate women's rights and challenge misogynistic beliefs, specifically: the rejection of absolute male superiority, the critique of unconditional obedience to men, the criticism of polygamy and male promiscuity, the condemnation of anti-women laws, and the right to choose one's spouse. Alongside these elements, however, some of her views, such as the emphasis on equal rights within the framework of Sharia, the acceptance of male superiority based on Quranic verses, and the belief in women's intellectual deficiency, are rooted in an Islamic perspective and cannot be considered entirely feminist. Thus, Astarabadi's thought represents a blend of feminist and Islamic elements.
Conclusions: The book Ma'ayeb al-Rajal is the first written criticism of Iranian women on the patriarchal discourse, which has challenged patriarchal power structures by relying on internal and external religious criticism. The approach of this book can be seen as an example of early Islamic feminism, which seeks to re-read religious texts to extract women's rights, without breaking completely from the framework of faith. However, not all components in this book can be considered feminist; because some of them can be explained in the framework of the Islamic approach.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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